every few years i am surprised to learn that the RTF_REJECT and
RTF_BLACKHOLE flags on routes are only really checked when going
"out" on loopback interfaces. my expectation is that these route
checks happen when the route lookup happens. it's especially
surprising that routes with reject/blackhole flags can make it into
pf.

this diff moves the reject/blackhole route checks into ip_output before
pf_test is called.

i am not alone in my confusion. claudio@ seems keen for this change, but
also because he thinks it can help simplify handling of blackhole/reject
routing in things like bgpd, but mostly that it is confusing.

because the stack checks those flags, lo(4) output doesnt have to
anymore. however, if you do want to "null route" a prefix so it usually
wont end up on the wire, but give pf a chance to fiddle with it, you can
still add a route via lo(4) for it. which leads to a bug fix.

you can add routes like this (even without the reject/blackhole diffs):

# route add 100.64.0.0/24 127.0.0.1

if you then ping 100.64.0.1, you'll end up producing a traffic loop
inside the kernel. each ping packet will loop through lo0 until the ttl
expires. i think lo ouput should check that the address it's delivering
to has RTF_LOCAL set, which is what the if_loop.c chunk of the diff
does.

thoughts? tests? ok?

Index: net/if_loop.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/net/if_loop.c,v
diff -u -p -r1.98 if_loop.c
--- net/if_loop.c	29 Dec 2023 11:43:04 -0000	1.98
+++ net/if_loop.c	28 Jul 2024 11:58:10 -0000
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ looutput(struct ifnet *ifp, struct mbuf 
 	if ((m->m_flags & M_PKTHDR) == 0)
 		panic("%s: no header mbuf", __func__);
 
-	if (rt && rt->rt_flags & (RTF_REJECT|RTF_BLACKHOLE)) {
+	if (rt != NULL && !ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_LOCAL)) {
 		m_freem(m);
-		return (rt->rt_flags & RTF_BLACKHOLE ? 0 :
-			rt->rt_flags & RTF_HOST ? EHOSTUNREACH : ENETUNREACH);
+		return (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_HOST) ?
+		    EHOSTUNREACH : ENETUNREACH);
 	}
 
 	/*
Index: netinet/ip_output.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/netinet/ip_output.c,v
diff -u -p -r1.401 ip_output.c
--- netinet/ip_output.c	2 Jul 2024 18:33:47 -0000	1.401
+++ netinet/ip_output.c	28 Jul 2024 11:58:10 -0000
@@ -398,6 +398,20 @@ sendit:
 	}
 #endif /* IPSEC */
 
+	if (ro && ro->ro_rt) {
+		struct rtentry *rt = ro->ro_rt;
+
+		if (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_REJECT)) {
+			error = ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_HOST) ?
+			    EHOSTUNREACH : ENETUNREACH;
+			goto bad;
+		}
+		if (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_BLACKHOLE)) {
+			error = 0;
+			goto bad;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Packet filter
 	 */
Index: netinet6/ip6_output.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/netinet6/ip6_output.c,v
diff -u -p -r1.292 ip6_output.c
--- netinet6/ip6_output.c	4 Jul 2024 12:50:08 -0000	1.292
+++ netinet6/ip6_output.c	28 Jul 2024 11:58:10 -0000
@@ -483,9 +483,20 @@ reroute:
 		route6_cache(ro, &ip6->ip6_dst, NULL, m->m_pkthdr.ph_rtableid);
 	}
 
-	if (rt && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) &&
-	    !IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&ip6->ip6_dst))
-		dst = satosin6(rt->rt_gateway);
+	if (rt != NULL) {
+		if (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_REJECT)) {
+			error = ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_HOST) ?
+			    EHOSTUNREACH : ENETUNREACH;
+			goto bad;
+		}
+		if (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_BLACKHOLE)) {
+			error = 0;
+			goto bad;
+		}
+		if (ISSET(rt->rt_flags, RTF_GATEWAY) &&
+		    !IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&ip6->ip6_dst))
+			dst = satosin6(rt->rt_gateway);
+	}
 
 	if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&ip6->ip6_dst)) {
 		/* Unicast */